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=== A ===

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{{o}} [[Anvil]]: A solid iron or steel block used as the main working surface for forging metal.
{{o}} [[Annealing]]: Heat treatment that softens metal, relieves stress, and improves machinability.
{{o}} [[Arc Welding]]: A fusion welding process using an electric arc to melt and join metals.
{{o}} [[As-cast]]: A term describing a metal in its raw cast condition before any further processing.
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=== B ===

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{{o}} [[Ball Peen Hammer]]: A hammer with one flat face and one rounded face, often used in metalworking.
{{o}} [[Bar Stock]]: Pre-formed metal bars used as raw material in forging and fabrication.
{{o}} [[Bending]]: The process of shaping metal into curves or angles by applying force.
{{o}} [[Black Oxide]]: A finish created by controlled oxidation to give steel a blackened, corrosion-resistant surface.
{{o}} [[Blacksmith]]: A craftsperson who forges iron or steel by hand using hammer, heat, and tools.
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=== C ===

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{{o}} [[Carbon Steel]]: Steel that contains carbon as the main alloying element; commonly used for tools and blades.
{{o}} [[Case Hardening]]: Surface-hardening process that adds carbon to low-carbon steel to harden its surface.
{{o}} [[Chisel]]: A hardened steel tool used for cutting or carving metal.
{{o}} [[Clinker]]: Waste material formed in a coal forge, usually made of slag and ash.
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=== D ===

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{{o}} [[Damascus Steel]]: A layered steel created by forge-welding multiple steels together and folding them repeatedly.
{{o}} [[Drawing Out]]: Stretching a piece of metal by hammering it to lengthen and reduce cross-section.
{{o}} [[Drift]]: A tapered tool used to enlarge, shape, or true up punched holes.
{{o}} [[Drop Forge]]: A forging method where a hammer is dropped onto hot metal placed in a die to form a shape.
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=== E ===

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{{o}} [[Edge Hardening]]: Hardening only the edges of a workpiece (e.g., blades) by controlled heating and quenching.
{{o}} [[Electroplating]]: Applying a metal coating to a surface using electrical current.
{{o}} [[Etching]]: Corroding the surface of metal (e.g., for decoration or revealing Damascus patterns) using acids.
{{o}} [[Eye (of a hammer/tool)]]: The hole in a tool head where a handle is fitted.
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=== F ===

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{{o}} [[Face (of the anvil)]]: The flat top surface of the anvil used for general hammering.
{{o}} [[Forge]]: The hearth or furnace where metal is heated for shaping.
{{o}} [[Forge Welding]]: Joining two pieces of metal by heating to high temperature and hammering them together.
{{o}} [[Fuller]]: A tool with a curved or rounded end used to spread and shape metal.
{{o}} [[Flux]]: A substance like borax used to clean and prevent oxidation during forge welding.
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=== G ===

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{{o}} [[Grain Structure]]: The internal crystalline structure of a metal, which influences its strength and ductility.
{{o}} [[Grinding]]: Removing material or sharpening edges using a rotating abrasive wheel.
{{o}} [[Guillotine Tool]]: A spring-loaded tool used in a power hammer or vise for quick fullering or splitting.
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=== H ===

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{{o}} [[Hardening]]: Heat treatment process that increases the hardness of steel by rapid quenching.
{{o}} [[Hammer Eye Punch]]: A tool used to punch the eye hole in tools like hammers and axes.
{{o}} [[Hardy Hole]]: Square hole in the anvil used for holding hardy tools.
{{o}} [[Heat Treating]]: A process involving heating and cooling to alter the properties of metal.
{{o}} [[Hot Cut]]: A chisel used to cut hot metal on the anvil.
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=== I ===

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{{o}} [[Induction Heating]]: A method of heating metal using electromagnetic fields; fast and precise.
{{o}} [[Inclusions]]: Non-metallic impurities in steel that can affect its strength and forgeability.
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=== J ===

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{{o}} [[Jig]]: A custom-made guide used to ensure accuracy and repeatability in forging.
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=== K ===

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{{o}} [[Knife Blank]]: A pre-shaped piece of steel ready for forging or grinding into a knife.
{{o}} [[Kiss Block]]: A block placed under a power hammer to ensure consistent forging height.
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=== L ===

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{{o}} [[Ladle]]: A tool used to pour molten metal in casting processes.
{{o}} [[Layering]]: The stacking of different steels during the Damascus-making process.
{{o}} [[Low Carbon Steel]]: Steel with a low carbon content, softer and more malleable, used for practice and non-cutting tools.
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=== M ===

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{{o}} [[Mandrel]]: A tapered tool used to shape or size rings, eyes, or holes.
{{o}} [[Martensite]]: A hard, brittle microstructure formed in steel after quenching.
{{o}} [[Mild Steel]]: Steel with low carbon content, easy to work with, commonly used in blacksmithing.
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=== N ===

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{{o}} [[Normalization]]: Heating steel to a critical temperature and cooling in air to refine grain structure.
{{o}} [[Necking]]: A forging defect where the metal thins due to over-hammering in one area.
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=== O ===

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{{o}} [[Oil Quench]]: Cooling hot metal in oil to harden it while reducing risk of cracking.
{{o}} [[Oxidation]]: Reaction of metal with oxygen, producing scale (oxide) on the surface during heating.
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=== P ===

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{{o}} [[Peening]]: Hammering to shape or strengthen metal, especially using the ball or cross peen side of the hammer.
{{o}} [[Punch]]: A tool used to create holes in hot metal by driving material out.
{{o}} [[Power Hammer]]: Mechanized hammer used to increase the speed and efficiency of forging.
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=== Q ===

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{{o}} [[Quenching]]: Rapid cooling of hot steel to harden it, using water, oil, or air.
{{o}} [[Quench Line (Hamon)]]: The visible line on differentially hardened blades where hardness transitions.
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=== R ===

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{{o}} [[Rebar]]: Reinforcing steel bar often used for beginner forging projects.
{{o}} [[Refractory]]: Heat-resistant material lining the forge to contain and reflect heat.
{{o}} [[Rivet]]: A permanent mechanical fastener formed by hammering.
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=== S ===

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{{o}} [[Scale]]: Oxidized layer that forms on hot steel during forging – often removed by brushing or grinding.
{{o}} [[Scarf Joint]]: A long tapered joint used in forge welding.
{{o}} [[Scroll]]: A decorative spiral form commonly forged in ornamental ironwork.
{{o}} [[Striking]]: The action of a helper (striker) using a sledgehammer to assist the smith.
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=== T ===

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{{o}} [[Tempering]]: Reheating hardened steel to a lower temperature to reduce brittleness and increase toughness.
{{o}} [[Tongs]]: Metal-handling tools essential for gripping and moving hot workpieces.
{{o}} [[Tool Steel]]: High-carbon steel used for tools requiring hardness and wear resistance.
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=== U ===

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{{o}} [[Upsetting]]: Forging process to increase the cross-section of a bar by shortening it.
{{o}} [[Ultrasonic Testing]]: Non-destructive test used to detect internal flaws in metal.
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=== V ===

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{{o}} [[Vise (Post Vise)]]: A strong, heavy-duty vise designed for blacksmith work, typically mounted to a bench or post.
{{o}} [[V-bit Tongs]]: Tongs with a V-shaped grip, useful for holding square or round stock securely.
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=== W ===

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{{o}} [[Welding Heat]]: The temperature at which two pieces of metal can be forge-welded (typically around 2300°F / 1260°C).
{{o}} [[Wrought Iron]]: A form of iron with fibrous slag inclusions, malleable and corrosion-resistant – used historically before steel.
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=== Z ===

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{{o}} [[Zinc Coating (Galvanization)]]: A protective metallic layer applied to steel to prevent rust.
{{o}} [[Zinc Fumes]]: Toxic fumes released when zinc-coated metals are heated – dangerous for smiths and must be avoided.
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