Glanz: Die Seite wurde neu angelegt: „=== A === {{TOC}} {| align=center {{:D-Tab}} {{o}} Quenching: Rapid cooling of heated workpieces (usually steel) in water, oil or air to induce hardness. {{o}} Anvil: Massive forging block with distinct zones (face, horn, step) for shaping hot metal. {{o}} Tempering: Re-heating a hardened workpiece to a moderate temperature to reduce brittleness. {{o}} Rough-shaping: First forging phase to give the raw form to the workpiece. {{o}} Scrib…“

2025-08-02T08:34:38Z

Die Seite wurde neu angelegt: „=== A === {{TOC}} {| align=center {{:D-Tab}} {{o}} Quenching: Rapid cooling of heated workpieces (usually steel) in water, oil or air to induce hardness. {{o}} Anvil: Massive forging block with distinct zones (face, horn, step) for shaping hot metal. {{o}} Tempering: Re-heating a hardened workpiece to a moderate temperature to reduce brittleness. {{o}} Rough-shaping: First forging phase to give the raw form to the workpiece. {{o}} Scrib…“

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=== A ===

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{{o}} [[Quenching]]: Rapid cooling of heated workpieces (usually steel) in water, oil or air to induce hardness.
{{o}} [[Anvil]]: Massive forging block with distinct zones (face, horn, step) for shaping hot metal.
{{o}} [[Tempering]]: Re-heating a hardened workpiece to a moderate temperature to reduce brittleness.
{{o}} [[Rough-shaping]]: First forging phase to give the raw form to the workpiece.
{{o}} [[Scribing]]: Marking lines or points to guide forging or cutting.
{{o}} [[Carburizing]]: Thermo-chemical process that raises the carbon content at the surface of steel.
{{o}} [[Build-up Welding]]: Adding extra material by forge welding or arc processes.
{{o}} [[Decarburizing]]: Surface carbon loss by overheating in an oxidising atmosphere – damaging to material.
{{o}} [[Drawing-out (Stretching)]]: Lengthening a workpiece by targeted deformation in one direction.
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=== B ===

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{{o}} [[Flat-faced Hammer]]: Blacksmith hammer with a flat striking face (“peen”) for general work.
{{o}} [[Drop Hammer Ram]]: Heavy falling mass of a power hammer that delivers forging blows.
{{o}} [[Bending]]: Plastic deformation to create an angle or curve – cold or hot.
{{o}} [[Die Bending]]: Placing a workpiece between shaped tools and bending it to form.
{{o}} [[Bellows]]: Historic air-supply system for the forge hearth.
{{o}} [[Borax]]: Flux that aids forge welding by protecting the joint from oxidation.
{{o}} [[Burning Crack]]: Material defect caused by overheating – leads to inter-granular cracks.
{{o}} [[Heat-Treatment Furnace]]: Closed furnace for annealing or hardening workpieces.
{{o}} [[Bronze Casting]]: Process of pouring molten bronze into moulds.
{{o}} [[Bronze Age]]: Pre-iron historical period marked by bronze tools and weapons.
{{o}} [[Bluing]]: Chemical black-oxidation of steel surfaces for corrosion protection and finish.
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=== C ===

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{{o}} [[Carbon Steel]]: Steel with specified carbon content (e.g., C45) common in toolmaking.
{{o}} [[Cementation]]: Historic method of making steel by diffusing carbon into wrought iron.
{{o}} [[Stainless Steel]]: Corrosion-resistant steel with high chromium content – e.g., knives or tools.
{{o}} [[CNC Forging]]: Computer-controlled forging techniques offering high precision.
{{o}} [[Crucible Steel]]: Very pure steel made in crucibles (historic “Wootz”).
{{o}} [[Cyaniding]]: Case hardening in a cyanide salt bath, adding nitrogen and carbon to the surface.
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=== D ===

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{{o}} [[Damascus Steel]]: Layered steel of different alloys with decorative patterns and superior edges.
{{o}} [[Double Forging]]: Two successive forging operations to improve material homogeneity.
{{o}} [[Mandrel]]: Solid tool for enlarging or shaping holes in the workpiece.
{{o}} [[Wire Drawing]]: Pulling metal through a die to reduce diameter and produce wire.
{{o}} [[Pneumatic Tools]]: Tools powered by compressed air – e.g., air hammers.
{{o}} [[Ductility]]: Ability of a material to plastically deform without breaking – key to forgeability.
{{o}} [[Punch]]: Tool for piercing hot metal by hammer blows.
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=== E ===

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{{o}} [[Residual Stress]]: Internal stresses created by deformation or heat treatment.
{{o}} [[Notching]]: Intentional groove or cut to localise bending or splitting.
{{o}} [[Iron]]: Base metal of blacksmithing – raw material for steel.
{{o}} [[Iron-Carbon Diagram]]: Phase diagram of iron alloys – foundation for heat treatment.
{{o}} [[Hot-cut Chisel]]: Forging tool for cutting or notching hot workpieces.
{{o}} [[Enamelling]]: Applying a glassy coating for protection or decoration.
{{o}} [[Forge Hearth]]: Smith’s fire, traditionally coal, now often gas or induction.
{{o}} [[Eutectic]]: Alloy composition with the lowest melting point – important in casting.
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=== F ===

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{{o}} [[Chamfering]]: Bevelling edges in preparation for welding or as a design element.
{{o}} [[Spring Hammer]]: Mechanical hammer driven by a leaf-spring arm – rhythmic blows.
{{o}} [[Filing]]: Chip-cutting process for fine shaping surfaces.
{{o}} [[Finishing]]: Final steps to refine dimensions or surface – filing, grinding, polishing.
{{o}} [[Forge Welding]]: Joining metals at welding heat with hammer blows, no filler required.
{{o}} [[Rectangular Peen]]: Square-section horn of an anvil for crisp corners and bending.
{{o}} [[Flat Chisel]]: Shearing tool to cut hot metal by wedge action.
{{o}} [[Flame Straightening]]: Aligning workpieces by localised heating with an oxy-fuel torch.
{{o}} [[Impression-Die Forging]]: Forming metal in shaped dies for series production.
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=== G ===

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{{o}} [[Gas Carburizing]]: Surface hardening using carbon-rich gases at high temperature.
{{o}} [[Microstructure]]: Internal structure of metals on microscopic scale – governs properties.
{{o}} [[Die]]: Upper and lower forging tools shaping complex parts.
{{o}} [[Crystal Lattice]]: Atomic arrangement in metal – key to behaviour.
{{o}} [[Annealing]]: Heat treatment to relieve stress, refine structure, or soften metal.
{{o}} [[Flash]]: Excess material squeezed out during forging, removed later.
{{o}} [[Engraving]]: Cutting decorative grooves and patterns into metal surfaces.
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=== H ===

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{{o}} [[Holding Fixture]]: Device to position workpieces securely during forging.
{{o}} [[Hammer]]: Primary striking tool in many variants (cross-peen, sledge, rounding).
{{o}} [[Hammered Texture]]: Visible hammer marks – hallmark of hand-forged items.
{{o}} [[Hardenability]]: Capability of steel to harden through its thickness.
{{o}} [[Hardness Testing]]: Methods determining hardness – Brinell (HB), Vickers (HV), Rockwell (HRC).
{{o}} [[Hardness Gradient]]: Change in hardness across the section of a quenched piece.
{{o}} [[Hearth (Old)]]: Historical term for the forge fire.
{{o}} [[Farrier]]: Specialist shoeing and caring for horses’ hooves.
{{o}} [[Hydraulic Hammer]]: Large industrial forging hammer powered hydraulically.
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=== I ===

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{{o}} [[Induction Forging]]: Heating metal rapidly by electromagnetic induction before forging.
{{o}} [[Internal Grain Structure]]: Micro-grain arrangement affected by deformation and heat.
{{o}} [[Hole-Drift]]: Tapered tool for widening or shaping holes/hollow parts.
{{o}} [[Isothermal Forging]]: Deformation at constant temperature for better control.
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=== J ===

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{{o}} [[Yoke Clamp]]: Device to hold dies or workpieces aligned in forging equipment.
{{o}} [[Adjusting Hammer]]: Light hammer used for fine tuning during finishing.
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=== K ===

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{{o}} [[Cold Forging]]: Deforming metal below recrystallisation temperature – higher strength, limited formability.
{{o}} [[Tilt Hammer]]: Historic power hammer driven by cams and gears.
{{o}} [[Blade]]: Cutting part of a forged tool or weapon.
{{o}} [[Coal Forge]]: Traditional solid-fuel forge hearth.
{{o}} [[Carbon Monoxide]]: Combustion gas in the forge – reacts with oxygen, reduces oxides.
{{o}} [[Carbon Content]]: Determines hardness, hardenability and machinability of steel.
{{o}} [[Grain Coarsening]]: Undesirable grain growth from overheating – lowers strength.
{{o}} [[Artistic Blacksmith]]: Craftsperson creating decorative and architectural ironwork.
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=== L ===

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{{o}} [[Bearing Bush]]: Cylindrical component guiding rotating shafts – often forged.
{{o}} [[Alloy]]: Metal mixture (e.g., steel with chromium, nickel) enhancing properties.
{{o}} [[Air Hammer]]: Pneumatic forging hammer – precise, powerful and compact.
{{o}} [[Shrinkage Cavity]]: Internal void from insufficient forging or casting.
{{o}} [[Ultrasonic Void Test]]: Method detecting internal cavities by ultrasound.
{{o}} [[Air-Hardening Steel]]: Steels that harden simply by air cooling after austenitising.
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=== M ===

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{{o}} [[Martensite]]: Extremely hard steel phase formed by rapid quench – base of hardening.
{{o}} [[Machine Forging]]: Forging process using powered equipment for uniform results.
{{o}} [[Dimensional Accuracy]]: Precision of forged parts – crucial for assemblies.
{{o}} [[Multi-phase Microstructure]]: Combination of several phases influencing metal properties.
{{o}} [[Knife Blade]]: Classic product of artisan smiths – often Damascus or carbon steel.
{{o}} [[Microstructure]]: Fine structure of metal revealed under microscope – ferrite, pearlite, martensite etc.
{{o}} [[Mock-up Forging]]: Low-cost material model to plan complex forgings.
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=== N ===

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{{o}} [[Re-Upsetting]]: Secondary upsetting to densify or shorten after initial forging.
{{o}} [[Wet Grinding]]: Grinding with coolant to avoid overheating and retain structure.
{{o}} [[Riveting]]: Permanent joining by deforming rivet shanks.
{{o}} [[Rivet Head]]: Formed end of a rivet ensuring a tight joint.
{{o}} [[Nitriding]]: Diffusing nitrogen into steel surface for hard case without quench.
{{o}} [[Normalizing]]: Heat treatment to homogenise structure and relieve stresses.
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=== O ===

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{{o}} [[Surface Hardening]]: Strengthening the surface by plastic deformation (peening).
{{o}} [[Furnace Steel]]: Heat-resistant steel for ovens or forge components.
{{o}} [[Furnace Forging]]: Heating in closed furnaces instead of open hearths – uniform temperature.
{{o}} [[Oxidation]]: Reaction of metal with oxygen – produces scale.
{{o}} [[Scale]]: Thin oxide layer on heated metal requiring removal (wire-brush, sand-blasting).
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=== P ===

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{{o}} [[Pearlite]]: Lamellar ferrite-cementite structure common in unhardened steel.
{{o}} [[Stippling]]: Punching fine lines or textures – e.g., handle grip.
{{o}} [[Polishing]]: Creating a high-gloss surface by successive abrasives.
{{o}} [[Press Forging]]: Slow, controlled pressure forming – for precise shapes.
{{o}} [[Powder Metallurgy]]: Producing parts from metal powders by sintering – alternate manufacturing method.
{{o}} [[Punch (Stamp)]]: Striking tool for surface decoration or identification marks.
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=== Q ===

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{{o}} [[Quality Control]]: Inspection of dimensions, surface, microstructure and hardness.
{{o}} [[Cross-Drawing]]: Widening and shortening stock by side blows.
{{o}} [[Cross-Section Change]]: Alteration of profile during drawing or upsetting.
{{o}} [[Compression Cracks]]: Material damage from excessive compressive strain.
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=== R ===

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{{o}} [[Case Hardening]]: Hardening only the surface layer – e.g., by induction.
{{o}} [[Drawing-out]]: Lengthening workpiece by longitudinal hammering – becomes thinner.
{{o}} [[Straightening Bench]]: Fixture for trueing warped forged parts.
{{o}} [[Rust]]: Iron oxide formed by water and oxygen – undesirable.
{{o}} [[Round-nose Chisel]]: Tool with curved edge for grooves or separating material.
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=== S ===

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{{o}} [[Planishing]]: Smoothing and fine-shaping after rough forging.
{{o}} [[Blacksmith]]: Craftsperson shaping hot metal by hammering, bending, welding and forming.
{{o}} [[Smithing Forge]]: The forge setup of a blacksmith.
{{o}} [[Forge Fire]]: Combustion zone heating metal, traditionally with coal.
{{o}} [[Forging Heat]]: Glowing temperature range of metal ready to forge.
{{o}} [[Forging Hammer]]: Hammer (hand or power) used in forging.
{{o}} [[Smith’s Yoke]]: Clamp that holds tooling or stock under the hammer.
{{o}} [[Forging Technique]]: Methods used in shaping metal.
{{o}} [[Forging Temperature]]: Temperature range where metal is plastic (steel ~800–1200 °C).
{{o}} [[Hot-cut Shear]]: Chisel for separating heated stock.
{{o}} [[Welding Heat]]: Temperature range to prepare pieces for forge welding.
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=== T ===

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{{o}} [[Temperature Control]]: Managing temperature during forging or heat treatment – critical for quality.
{{o}} [[Crucible]]: Vessel for melting small metal quantities – e.g., crucible steel.
{{o}} [[Torsion Forging]]: Forging with deliberate twisting – decorative patterns in railings etc.
{{o}} [[Twisted Rod]]: Workpiece twisted for visual effect – common in ornamental ironwork.
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=== U ===

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{{o}} [[Ultrasonic Testing]]: Non-destructive exam detecting internal flaws via sound reflection.
{{o}} [[Degree of Deformation]]: Measure of plastic strain relative to original volume.
{{o}} [[Metal Forming]]: Umbrella term for processes that shape metal without cutting chips.
{{o}} [[Deformation Zone]]: Area of the workpiece undergoing plastic change.
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=== V ===

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{{o}} [[Quench-and-Temper]]: Heat treatment combining hardening and subsequent tempering – improves toughness.
{{o}} [[Composite Forging]]: Combining different metals or steels by forging – e.g., Damascus.
{{o}} [[Warping]]: Undesired shape change from stresses or poor temperature control.
{{o}} [[Sledgehammer]]: Heavy long-handled hammer for heavy forging blows.
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=== W ===

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{{o}} [[Hot Forming]]: Forging above recrystallisation temperature – lower forces required.
{{o}} [[Heat Treatment]]: Processes that change mechanical properties by controlled heating and cooling.
{{o}} [[Materials Science]]: Study of structure, properties and behaviour of materials – core to blacksmithing.
{{o}} [[Work-piece Cutting]]: Controlled separation of stock – e.g., with hot-cut or flat chisel.
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=== Z ===

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{{o}} [[Tongs]]: Tool for safely gripping hot work – flat, round, universal styles.
{{o}} [[Tong Eye]]: Joint opening in tongs for pivot pin – allows articulation.
{{o}} [[Chasing]]: Fine surface work with punches and chisels – common in decorative smithing.
{{o}} [[Mill Scale]]: Oxide product on hot metal – must be removed (wire-brush, sand-blast).
{{o}} [[Scale-Removal Hammer]]: Heavy hammer used to knock scale off forged surfaces.
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Diskussion:Glossar Blacksmithing - Versionsgeschichte